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Total 15187 results found since Jan 2013.

Heart fat in HIV: marker or mediator of risk?
Purpose of review: The review aims to summarize the literature describing the clinical impact of cardiac fat depots in patients with HIV infection. Recent findings: People living with HIV (PLHIV) have accelerated rates of cardiovascular disease, and are prone to the development of ectopic fat deposition. Specifically, PLHIV have higher volumes of epicardial and intracardiac fat quantified by noninvasive imaging. Higher volumes of epicardial fat may be related to antiretroviral therapy duration and chronic inflammation, independently of other measures of body adiposity such as BMI. They have been associated with increased ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is Elevated in HIV Infection but Not Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Conclusions: Evidence of endothelial dysfunction was found in HIV infection and in untreated compared with treated HIV infection. In untreated HIV infection, the main driver of endothelial dysfunction was viral replication. Importantly, in treated HIV infection, ADMA was not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Thus, our data question the potential of ADMA as a useful biomarker of early atherosclerosis in treated HIV infection.
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - November 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Basic and Translational Science Source Type: research

Microbiota-Dependent Marker TMAO Is Elevated in Silent Ischemia but Is Not Associated With First-Time Myocardial Infarction in HIV Infection
Conclusions: TMAO was elevated in HIV-infected persons with myocardial perfusion defects, but was not associated with first-time MI. Our data question TMAO as a useful biomarker of cardiovascular risk in HIV infection, at least in ART-treated individuals.
Source: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes - January 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Basic and Translational Science Source Type: research

Microbiota dependent marker TMAO is not associated with decreased myocardial perfusion in well-treated HIV-infected patients as assessed by 82Rubidium PET/CT
Conclusions In this first study of the possible influence of the microbiota dependent metabolite, TMAO, on myocardial perfusion in well-treated HIV-infected patients we found no evidence to suggest that TMAO plays a role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease among HIV-infected patients.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Knudsen, A., Troeseid, M., Christensen, T. E., Ghotbi, A., Hasbak, P., Lebech, A.-M., Ripa, R., Kjaer, A. Tags: Cardiovascular Clinical Science: Myocardial Perfusion, Function and Viability Source Type: research

Abnormal Cerebral Perfusion Profile in Older Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Discriminative Power of Arterial Spin-Labeling FUNCTIONAL
CONCLUSIONS: This study found specific CBF patterns associated with HIV status despite viral suppression—data that should animate further investigations into the pathobiologic basis of vascular and cognitive abnormalities in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - December 14, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Narvid, J., McCoy, D., Dupont, S. M., Callen, A., Tosun, D., Hellmuth, J., Valcour, V. Tags: FUNCTIONAL Source Type: research

Abstract # 3195 HIV disease duration and endothelial progenitor cell function predict subcortical cerebral blood flow in post-menopausal women
Publication date: February 2019Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Volume 76, SupplementAuthor(s): J.C. Rutledge, J. Lobo, S. Goldstein, M. Hidalgo, R. McIntoshChronic infection with HIV is associated with impaired endothelial function and altered cerebral blood flow (CBF). Using fMRI Arterial Spin Labeling, we sought to determine 1) whether CBF in HIV+ postmenopausal women (n = 8, mean age = 55.13, SD = 5.38) differs from that of HIV- controls (n = 13, mean age = 53.77, SD = 6.41), and 2) whether a marker of angiogenic potential, i.e. endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) cluster formation, and time...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - February 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

PET Imaging Reveals Early Pulmonary Perfusion Abnormalities in HIV Infection Similar to Smoking
Conclusion: In nonsmokers living with well-controlled HIV and minimal radiographic emphysema, HIV infection contributes to pulmonary perfusion abnormalities similar to smokers. These data indicate the onset of subclinical pulmonary perfusion abnormalities that could herald the development of significant lung disease in these susceptible individuals.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - February 23, 2021 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Kohli, P., Kelly, V. J., Hibbert, K. A., Corleis, B., Kone, M., Cho, J. L., DeFaria-Yeh, D., Kwon, D. S., Medoff, B. D., Harris, R. S., Winkler, T. Tags: Clinical Source Type: research

Venovenous extracorporeal life support in patients with HIV infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
CONCLUSION: ECLS is a viable treatment option in carefully selected HIV-positive patients, including those with severe disease as manifested by PJP infection. PMID: 29528776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Perfusion - March 1, 2018 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Capatos G, Burke CR, Ogino MT, Lorusso RR, Brogan TV, McMullan DM, Dalton HJ Tags: Perfusion Source Type: research

Chapter 18 Imaging studies of the HIV-infected brain
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 152 Author(s): Linda Chang, Dinesh K. Shukla Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the brain early after infecting humans and may remain in the central nervous system despite successful antiretroviral treatment. Many neuroimaging techniques were used to study HIV+ patients with or without opportunistic infections. These techniques assessed abnormalities in brain structures (using computed tomography, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI) and function (using functional MRI at rest or during a task, and perfusion MRI with or witho...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - March 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The regional pattern of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity in HIV-infected, virally suppressed women
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess whole brain and regional patterns of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) abnormalities in HIV-infected women using quantitative whole brain arterial spin labeling (ASL). We hypothesized that HIV-infected women would demonstrate decreased regional brain CVR despite viral suppression. This cross-sectional study recruited subjects from the Bay Area Women ’s Interagency Health Study (WIHS)—a cohort study designed to investigate the progression of HIV disease in women. In addition to conventional noncontrast cerebral MRI sequences, perfusion imaging was performed before and after...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - June 3, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

SPECT Brain imaging in HIV infected individuals with new onset seizures
ConclusionsNew onset of seizures may represent early stages of the spectrum of neurocognitive dysfunction seen in HIV infected individuals without identifiable cause. Because these individuals are likely to benefit from the initiation of HAART, the introduction of SPECT brain imaging in their follow up may play a role in the assessment of HAART related cognitive improvement.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Vangu, M., Hari, K. Tags: MTA II: Neurology Posters Source Type: research

Pathomechanisms of HIV-Associated Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Comprehensive Clinical and Neuroimaging Protocol and Analysis Pipeline
Discussion: The study provides further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of CSVD in chronic inflammatory disorders such as HIV infection. The longitudinal study design and comprehensive approach allows the investigation of quantitative changes in imaging metrics and their impact on cognitive performance.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion with compensatory perfusion in a HIV-infected patient.
We report a case of bilateral complete occlusion of the extracranial portions of the internal carotid arteries in a HIV+ve patient who presented with a syncopal episode due to intraventricular haemorrhage. Compensatory blood flow from the posterior cerebral circulation via the circle of Willis resulted in small telangiectatic vessels arising from the posterior cerebral circulation which probably accounted for this rare haemorrhagic complication of an occlusive arteriopathy. PMID: 32243116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: South African Journal of Surgery - April 4, 2020 Category: Surgery Tags: S Afr J Surg Source Type: research

Protecting the Fetus Against HIV Infection: A Systematic Review of Placental Transfer of Antiretrovirals
Conclusion These findings appear consistent with current guidelines of using two NRTIs plus an NNRTI, atazanavir/ritonavir, or lopinavir/ritonavir to maximize placental transfer as well as to optimally suppress maternal viral load. Darunavir/ritonavir and raltegravir may reasonably serve as second-line agents.
Source: Clinical Pharmacokinetics - September 16, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research